Acronyms and Abbreviations

3DES Triple DES
ACL  Access control list
ADS  Alternate data stream
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AES  Advanced Encryption Standard
AIFF Audio Interchange File Format
AOL  America Online
AP   Access point
ARIN American Registry of Internet Numbers
ARP  Address Resolution Protocol (IETF)
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASP  Active Server Pages (MS)
ATA  Advanced Technology Attachment
ATM  Asynchronous Transfer Mode
b    Bit
B    Byte
BGP  Border Gateway Protocol (IETF)
BIOS Basic Input/Output Interface
BMP  Bitmap
CD-ROM Compact disc - Read-only memory
CDA  CD Audio file format
CGI  Common Gateway Interface
CHS  Cylinder, head, sector
CHV  Computer History Viewer
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CPU  Central processing unit
CR   Carriage Return (ASCII 0x0D, control-M)
CSLIP Compressed SLIP
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection
CVF  Compressed volume file
DCA  Disk compression application
DDS  Digital Data Service
DES  Data Encryption Standard
DESX DES XORed with additional key material (Rivest)
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (IETF)
DMA  Direct memory access
DNS  Domain Name System (IETF)
DOS  Disk Operating System (Microsoft)
DVD  Digital versatile disc
DWDM Dense wave division multiplexing
EB   Exabyte (~1 quintillion; 1,152,921,504,606,865,408 = 2260)
ECHS Extended CHS
EIA  Electronic Industries Association
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
EMI  Electromagnetic interference
EOF  End-of-file
EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format
ext2fs Extended File System, version 2
FAT  File Allocation Table (Microsoft)
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FEK  File encryption key
FRE  Federal Rules of Evidence (U.S.)
FTK  Forensics Toolkit (AccessData)
FTP  File Transfer Protocol (IETF)
GB   Gigabyte (~1 billion; 1,073,741,824 = 230) )
GHz  Gigahertz (1 billion cycles/second)
GIF  Graphics Interchange Format
GUI  Graphical user interface
HDD  Hard disk drive
HDLC High-level Data Link Control
HFS  Hierarchical File System (Apple)
HKCC HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
HKCR HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
HKCU HKEY_CURRENT_USER
HKEY Hive key
HKLM HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
HKU  HKEY_USERS
HPFS High Performance File System (Microsoft)
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (IETF)
Hz   Hertz (cycles/second)
I/O  Input/output
ICANN Internet Corp. for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (IETF)
IDE  Integrated Drive Electronics
IE   Internet Explorer (MS)
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IIS  Internet Information Server (MS)
IM   Instant messaging
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol (IETF)
IP   Internet Protocol ( IETF)
IRC  Internet Relay Chat
ISA  Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated services digital network
ISFCE International Society of Forensic Computer Examiners
ISO  International Organization for Standardization
ISP  Internet service provider
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KB   Kilobyte (~1 thousand; 1,024 = 210)
KCV  Karen's Cookie Viewer
LAN  Local area network
LBA  Logical block addressing
LED  Light-emitting diode
LF   Linefeed (ASCII 0x0A control J)
LFN  Long file name
LILO Link loader
LRU  Least recently used
LSB  Least significant bit
MAC  Modified, accessed, and creation times
MB   Megabyte (~1 million; 1,048,576 = 220)
MBR  Master boot record
MCA  Micro Channel Architecture (IBM)
MD5  Message Digest 5
MFT  Master file table
MP3  MPEG-1 audio layer 3
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MRU  Most-recently used
MS   Microsoft
MSB  Most significant bit
NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System
NIC  Network information center or Network interface card
NNTP Network News Transport Protocol (IETF)
NOC  Network operation center
NTFS New Technology File System (Microsoft)
NTP  Network Time Protocol (IETF)
OEM  Original equipment manufacturer
OLE  Object Link Embedding
OS   Operating system
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (IETF)
PC   Personal computer
PCI  Peripheral Component Interconnect/Interface
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA  Personal digital assistant
PDF  Portable Document Format (Adobe)
PNG  Portable Network Graphics file
PoP  Point-of-presence
POP  Post Office Protocol (IETF)
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface
POST Power-on self-test
PPP  Point-to-Point Protocol (IETF)
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
RAM  Random access memory
RFC  Request for Comments (IETF)
RFI  Radio frequency interference
RID  Relative Identifier
RIP  Routing Information Protocol (IETF)
ROM  Read-only memory
RSA  Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman
RTC  Real-time clock
RTF  Rich Text Format
SAM  Security Account Manager
SCSI Small Computer Serial Interface
SFN  Short file name
SHA  Secure Hash Algorithm
SID  Security Identifier
SIMM Single In-line Memory Module
SLIP Serial Line IP (IETF)
SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (IETF)
SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol (IEEE)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (IETF)
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SSH  Secure Shell
SSL  Secure Sockets Layer (Netscape)
TACACS+ Terminal Access Controller Access Control System plus
TB   Terabyte (~1 trillion; 1,099,511,627,776 = 240)
TCP  Transmission Control Protocol ( IETF)
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (IETF)
TIF  Temporary Internet file (Windows)
TIFF Tagged Image File Format
TLD  Top-level domain
TLS  Transport Layer Security (IETF)
UDF  Universal Disk Format
UDP  User Datagram Protocol (IETF)
ufs  Unix File System
URL  Uniform resource locator
USB  Universal Serial Bus
U.S.C. United States Code
UTC  Universal time coordinated (aka Zulu)
VAC  Volts, alternating current
VCN  Virtual cluster number
VDC  Volts, direct current
VESA Video Electronic Standards Association bus
VGA  Video graphics adapter
WAV  Waveform audio format
WLAN Wireless local area network
WWW  World Wide Web
xDSL Digital Subscriber Line technology family
XML  eXtensible Markup Language
XOR  Exclusive OR
ZBR  Zone bit recording