9. Computing 2's complement example

To obtain 2's complement representation of decimal -13 (negative thirteen)

1. Take representation of positive 13:

   • 01101

2. Compute complement by flipping each bit:

   • 10010

3. Add 1:

   • 10011 (decimal -13)

To go back from -13 to positive 13, execute the same exact steps:

1. Take representation of negative 13:

   • 10011

2. Invert each bit:

   • 01100

3. Add 1:

   • 01101 (decimal 13)