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Most modern programming languages (such as C++ or Java) can be used simply as procedural languages.
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However, doing so leaves the most powerful techniques unused...
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...only a small fraction of the potential language benefits is gained.
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Focus is on approaches to design that enable effective use of
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data abstraction
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object-oriented programming facilities
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Such techniques are often called object-oriented design.
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Black box way of thinking is typical in procedural programming:
