12. Exception class and the instanceof operator

• A reference of a superclass type can point to objects of its subclass

• A program can determine if a reference variable points to a specific object type using the instanceof operator.

• The catch blocks can be combined with the instanceof checks:

  
      try 
      {
          //...
      }
      catch ( Exception ex )
      {
          if ( ex instanceof ArithmeticException ) {
             System.out.println( "Exception " + ex.toString() );
  
          } else if ( ex instanceof InputMismatchException ) {
             System.out.println( "Exception " + ex.toString() );
          }
      }