23. The printStackTrace( ) - error output stream

• Determines the order in which the methods were called and where the exception was handled

• To print exception data to the error output stream,

  
      try {
          //...
      }
      catch( IOException ex )
      {
          System.err.println( ex.getMessage() + "\n" );
          System.err.println( ex.toString() + "\n" );
          ex.printStackTrace();
          return null;
      }