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15. Prototype

Problem to solve:
- Client wants to create objects without specifying subclass types.
- Client has access to prototypical instances, and wants to create new objects by copying them from existing prototypes.
Solution: Abstract base class specifies a pure virtual clone( ) method.

Any subclass that needs a polymorphic constructor capability,
1. Derives itself from the abstract base class
2. Implements the clone( ) operation.

The client has two options under this design:
- Call a factory method, providing prototypical instance as a parameter
- Invoke some another action that calls the prototype's clone( ) operation.

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