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21. Turing Machine

An idea of a general-purpose programmable computing device, such as traffic danger sign discussed earlier, could be implemented by universal Turing Machine:

Turing machine is a mathematical model of a device that...
...computes via a series of discrete steps, and
...is not limited in use by a fixed amount of data storage.

Universal Turing machine

The operations are limited to reading and writing symbols on an infinitely long tape.
At each step the machine reads the symbol at the current position on the tape.

This idea still exists in modern computer design with low-level microcode, which directs the reading and decoding of higher level machine code instructions.

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